Summary

70th General Assembly of the United Nations declared 2017  year as international year of development of sustainable tourism. In the last 50-60 years, tourism in contrast to other sectors, has undergone constant expansion and diversification, and turned into one of the most dynamic and high-pace developing economic sectors in world's economy. In the field of tourism thoroughly planned and regulated activities can make a big contribution to the improving of all three components of sustainable development (economic, social, ecological). It is closely related to other sectors, and can provide job creation, roll out opportunities in the field of trade, in  countries. It represents the main income of foreign currency or one of it. The last 7 years the tourism sector grows by 4% on average.

The growth of tourism has huge importance for developed countries, to strengthen their economic sustainability. For about half of these countries the tourism is 40% of GDP and is basic income of foreign currency, In addition, with regard for destination and creation of new jobs the tourist sector has other positive direct and indirect sides to impact on  economy. Virtually world leading projects demonstrate the positive changes that may be achieved in tourism by sustainable methods that will make tourism as sectors of „green“ economy. Scientific-technical and socio-economic advances led the tourism to dared development. Because of this, at the sites of massive visits of tourists there appeared serious problems in the field of ecology, culture and social development. Uncontrolled growth of tourism, which is caused by wish to get profit quickly, often has negative consequences environmental damage-pollution, local natural resources, expiration, e.g. apparent danger of the exhaustion of water supplies, loss of biodiversity, land degradation and pollution and other. The overall index of Global warming, the share of tourism is appreciated by 5%. In addition, the tourist (recipient) countries suffer from discomfort from culture collision, the growth of crimes, human rights violation. As for the economic side, improper management of tourism can lead to the price growth, economic instability, and so forth.

The changes in tourism development practice and policy can lead to the reduction of these negative effects and on the contrary, can get profit. According to (Geneva, 2011) The United Nations report - To wards „green economy“: the ways of sustainable development and poverty eradication“, tourism is one of the most powerful driving force in the growth of world economic sustainability. Due to relevant investments, it will be constantly growing fields in the next decade at least and contribute to the development of employment and economic growth. This pushes society to devote attention to maintain natural, historical, cultural values. It's a problem referring to the whole world, There are plenty of recommendations on sustainable tourism which will be developed by state organizations, the national tourist administration, the United Nations’ organizations, associations in the form the specific of action programs, documents, acts, declarations, agendas, etc. These recommendations will allow the different companies to be aimed at the promotion of tourism ecologization, to minimize the production waste, environmental pollution; take care of the flora and fauna, landscapes, ecological systems, biodiversity, cultural and natural heritage, cooperate with local communities, use local products and employ the local population. The World tourist organization actively participates in realization of provisions of tourism sustainable development, that are given in the document:  The agenda XXI century for travel and tourism sectors.

In the case of tourism sustainable development active participation of the state as well as private sector is necessary.

The local population has the right to actively participate in the tourism activities, for profit-making purpose, but has obligation to take care of the local natural resources, as well as visiting tourists are required to respect local ordinances, the religious belief and other. For this purpose it is necessary that tourists have the information about this place, the traditions, the religion, the purity, fauna, flora, archaeological and cultural sights where they intend to travel.

The last period the award systems for environmental certification, marking, protection are gradually increasing and getting the scale.

Georgia’s aim to become a sustainable tourist development region is achievable, if the sustainable development policy of tourism is promoted which will create jobs and promote the local culture and products. In this regard the last period, many notable and interesting events were held behalf of governmental structures, however the nationalization process has shown to all countries, including Georgia, that it is necessary to conduct the research of tourist potential and the expectations of the local population. Tourism development impacts on natural and social environment must thoroughly be studied and prepared mitigating measures to avoid negative impacts on environment and population. In Georgia, such a planning process has not been carried out. This, on the one hand, slows down the development of tourism, and on the other hand, Georgian flora and fauna are under the pressure. It should also be noted that the existing databases and imperfect strategic plan of the development of tourism,  non saving  infrastructure of environment oriented on rapid profit, disregard of the need to increase professional service level, does not meet the requirements of for sustainable development goals, therefore it is needed to pass to a new method. International scale activities in the field of tourism will contribute to the development of innovative approach as of sustainable tourism in the country and revealing effective ways for the solution of actual problems.